ICD-10 · J30.9
Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal lining caused by allergens, producing sneezing, a runny or blocked nose and itchy eyes. It is often mistaken for a repeated cold, and rates are rising sharply in polluted Indian cities.
Symptoms
Bouts of sneezing, clear watery nasal discharge, nasal blockage, itching of the nose, eyes, throat or ears, watery red eyes, postnasal drip, and disturbed sleep leading to daytime tiredness.
Causes & risk factors
Dust mites, pollen, mould, animal dander, cockroach allergen, and irritants such as vehicle exhaust, construction dust and incense smoke. It often coexists with asthma and eczema.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is clinical, supported by skin-prick testing or specific IgE blood tests when the trigger is unclear or immunotherapy is being considered.
Treatment options
Non-sedating antihistamines such as cetirizine, levocetirizine, fexofenadine or loratadine control sneezing and itching. Intranasal steroid sprays such as fluticasone or mometasone are the most effective treatment for persistent blockage and are safe for long-term daily use. Montelukast helps when asthma coexists. Saline nasal rinses and allergen avoidance — mattress covers, damp dusting, air purifiers — reduce medicine need.
When to see a doctor
Symptoms lasting most days for over four weeks, wheezing or breathlessness, thick discoloured discharge with facial pain (suggesting sinusitis), or nose bleeds with spray use.